Preferring websites to apps when possible makes this approach more effective. If you use apps with ads in them, they will likely get sensitive information as described in the article.
System wide ad blocking helps more. Private DNS is the easiest way; Mullvad provides a free option.
There’s a small, but extremely loud segment of the Mastodon userbase that seems to view presenting public posts in any manner that’s different from how a vanilla Mastodon server does as an invasion of their privacy. There have also been a few projects that raised reasonable concerns about privacy and moderation, but this page doesn’t seem to make a distinction.
It appears to contain misinformation about FediFirehose, which ran client side and just showed the output of a public relay.