I’m a color blind guy who likes free software and hardware.
Other than prusa, I’m not sure of any you can purchase. Of the build yourself ones, they are variants of prusa. Or corexy. For a bedslinger, I built a bear upgraded prusa Mk something. But custom, so not exactly. For my next, it will be a variation of a corexy. Smash together a voron and the other popular one. Because I don’t like the bed design.
I’d try raising the temp on the heat bed and maybe on the extrusion for the first layer.
The bed arcs up in the middle when it heats, so it may also be an issue with z offset. If it is 0.35 in the middle, but 0.45 at the edge, you might just need to smoosh the first layer more. Speed also effects first layer, so slowing down sometimes helps.
Find a big flat one layer test print and see what helps. Just don’t doal bunch of changes at once.
It might come loose if you heat the heat bed. At least soften enough to pry it off. The other option would be to finish breaking the glass. Then you could use acetone, or something to remove the glue.
You might consider a aluminum heat bed with a regular piece of glass on top. Look up heat beds on reprap and see how the diy community does it. They are cheap and easily replaced. I just print on the aluminum with painters tape. Sorry that it fractured like that, it happens. So having the glass glued down is not a good plan.
My claim was I didn’t know of any others. I’ve seen rat rig and voron. I’m not sure if they are really open source. I tried to contact them last year, but the documentation was locked. I’ll favorite your list flow when I get some time. I’d love to build something like my first reprap.